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Examining the Heterogeneity of Exercise Response Among Sedentary Older Adults: A Descriptive Analysis
Grace L Kulik1, Melissa P Wilson1, Catherine M Jankowski2
1Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Journal of Aging Research
|March 26, 2025
Summary
People with HIV (PWH) and lower baseline fitness showed poorer cardiovascular exercise response. Higher intensity or longer aerobic exercise may be needed for PWH to improve cardiovascular adaptations.
Area of Science:
- Exercise physiology
- Immunology
- Public health
Background:
- Individual responses to exercise vary significantly, necessitating personalized interventions.
- Understanding exercise response heterogeneity in people with HIV (PWH) is crucial for optimizing health outcomes.
- Previous research highlights the importance of exercise for aging populations, but specific responses in PWH require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the heterogeneity of exercise response in older PWH compared to controls without HIV.
- To identify factors associated with differential responses to a 24-week exercise program.
- To explore the relationship between exercise response, comorbidities, and inflammatory markers.
Main Methods:
- Enrolled sedentary older adults (50-75 years) with and without HIV in a 24-week aerobic and resistance exercise program.
- Categorized participants into responder and non-responder groups based on minimally clinically important differences for cardiovascular, strength, and lean mass outcomes.
- Utilized descriptive statistics to analyze baseline characteristics and changes in inflammatory markers.
Main Results:
- Cardiovascular non-responders were more likely to have HIV, higher comorbidity burden, and lower baseline cardiovascular fitness.
- Strength non-responders had a lower comorbidity burden and greater baseline strength.
- Non-response in cardiovascular and lean mass was associated with increased inflammatory markers, while responders showed decreased markers.
Conclusions:
- Lower baseline cardiovascular fitness and HIV infection are associated with poorer exercise response, particularly for cardiovascular adaptations.
- PWH may require higher intensity or longer duration aerobic exercise to achieve optimal cardiovascular benefits.
- Further research into the link between inflammatory markers and exercise response is warranted to explore potential anti-inflammatory therapies.
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