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Related Concept Videos

Chemical Reactions01:19

Chemical Reactions

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A chemical reaction is a process by which the bonds in the atoms of substances are rearranged to generate new substances. Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction—the same type and number of atoms that make up the reactants are still present in the products. Merely, the rearrangement of chemical bonds produces new compounds.
Chemical Reactions Rearrange Atoms into New Substances
A chemical reaction takes starting materials—the reactants—and changes them...
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Chemical Equations03:10

Chemical Equations

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Chemical equations represent the identities and relative quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction. The substances undergoing reaction are called reactants, and their formulas are placed on the left side of the equation. The substances generated by the reaction are called products, and their formulas are placed on the right side of the equation. Plus signs (+) separate individual reactant and product formulas, and an arrow (→) separates the reactant and product (left and...
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Predicting Reaction Outcomes02:24

Predicting Reaction Outcomes

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Kinetics describes the rate and path by which a reaction occurs. In contrast, thermodynamics deals with state functions and describes the properties, behavior, and components of a system. It is not concerned with the path taken by the process and cannot address the rate at which a reaction occurs. Although it does provide information about what can happen during a reaction process, it does not describe the detailed steps of what appears on an atomic or a molecular level. On the other hand,...
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Introduction to Chemical Reactions01:23

Introduction to Chemical Reactions

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All chemical reactions begin with a reactant, the general term for one or more substances entering the reaction. Sodium and chloride ions, for example, are the reactants in the production of table salt. One or more substances produced by a chemical reaction are called the product. Chemical reactions follow the law of conservation of mass, which means that matter cannot be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. The components of the reactants—the number of atoms and the...
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What is Organic Chemistry?02:17

What is Organic Chemistry?

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Organic chemistry is the study of compounds of carbon called organic compounds. Organic compounds either originate from living organisms or are synthesized by chemists. A defining trait of these compounds is the presence of carbon as the principal element, which is bonded to other carbon atoms and other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. The existence of a wide array of organic molecules is a consequence of carbon atoms’ ability to form up to four strong bonds to...
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Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:17

Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

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The stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions is strongly influenced by the orbital symmetry of the polyene HOMO. Under thermal conditions, the reaction proceeds via the ground-state HOMO.
Selection Rules: Thermal Activation
Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2025

Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Refractive Index or Mass Spectrometric Detection for Metabolite Profiling in Lysate-based Cell-free Systems
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Capitalistic Chemistry.

Lars G M Pettersson1

  • 1Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and Interfaces
|March 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a business analogy for chemical reactions, viewing rehybridization as investment and bond strength as proceeds. This approach predicts reaction favorability by linking excitation energy to interaction strength.

Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Surface Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Bond strength is crucial for modeling reactive chemistry, impacting catalysis and surface science.
  • Adsorbate-surface interaction strength influences activity, selectivity, and stability of reaction intermediates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce a novel business analogy to understand chemical reactions and bond formation.
  • Develop a predictive model for reaction favorability based on electronic and geometrical preparation.
  • Rationalize observed binding modes and structural changes in chemisorbed systems.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptualizing rehybridization as 'investment' and bond formation as 'proceeds'.
  • Relating bond strength prediction to the energy of electronic excitations.

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  • Applying the concept to analyze surface binding and chemisorption energies.

    • Main Results:

    • The business analogy effectively models chemical reactions, with exothermicity as 'profit'.
    • Predictive power demonstrated by linking excitation energy (investment) to interaction strength.
    • Successfully rationalized binding modes and structural changes in weakly chemisorbed systems.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed analogy provides a simple yet powerful framework for understanding chemical reactivity.
    • The approach aids in predicting favored reactions and bonding configurations.
    • Justifies the use of small metal clusters for correcting chemisorption energies in density functional theory (DFT) calculations.