Field-based tests for determining critical speed among runners and its practical application: a systematic review

Area of Science:

• Exercise Physiology
• Sports Science
• Running Performance

Background:

• Critical Speed (CS) is a key physiological determinant of endurance performance in runners.
• Lab-based assessments for CS can be resource-intensive and less accessible.
• Field-based testing offers a practical alternative for assessing CS in real-world training environments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and evaluate field-based critical speed testing methods for runners.
• To identify optimal testing conditions for reliable and valid field-based CS assessments.
• To provide practical guidance for athletes and coaches on applying CS testing.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was performed across major scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science).
• Search terms included "critical power," "critical speed," "testing," and "field condition."
• Studies were screened and evaluated for validity, reliability, and applicability of field-based CS methods, adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines.

Main Results:

• 19 studies met the inclusion criteria from an initial pool of 450.
• The time trial (TT) test and the 3-minute all-out test (3MT) are the most common field-based CS methods.
• Both TT and 3MT demonstrated high reliability when conducted under specific, recommended conditions.

Conclusions:

• Field-based CS testing is a viable and practical alternative to laboratory assessments.
• Adherence to recommended testing settings, especially for TT tests, is crucial for reliable CS results.
• This review provides a framework for effective application of field-based CS testing to enhance running training and performance.