Enhanced recovery after cardiac surgery and developments in perioperative care: A comprehensive review

Enhanced Recovery After Cardiac Surgery (ERAS Cardiac) protocols offer a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to improve patient outcomes and reduce postoperative complications. By incorporating evidence-based practices, ERAS Cardiac aims to reduce hospital stays, enhance patient satisfaction, and optimize resource utilization. Key components include patient education, prehabilitation, nutritional optimization, and personalized medicine. The protocol's success relies on interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare professionals, as well as active patient and family engagement. Despite challenges in implementation, such as resource constraints and patient variability, ongoing research and adaptive strategies continue to refine ERAS Cardiac programs, promising significant advancements in cardiac surgical care and recovery.