The Effect of Asthma Education Program on Disease Management in Children with Asthma: A Retrospective Analysis

Aims/Background As a common chronic respiratory disease, asthma may lead to airway inflammation and accelerated, progressive loss of lung function, if not well controlled, posing risks to patients' life and health. This study evaluates the impact of asthma education program on enhancing asthma control, quality of life, and pulmonary function in children, addressing gaps in existing management approaches. Methods In this retrospective study, 60 patients who had undergone routine nursing mode at Beijing Shijitan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from May 2022 to May 2023 were enrolled for the reference group; after excluding 3 patients, this study finally included 57 patients. Separately, 55 patients who had attended the child-oriented asthma education program on the basis of routine nursing care at the same hospital from May 2023 to May 2024 were enrolled for the observation group; after excluding 2 patients, this study eventually included 53 patients. The Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) score, the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) score, pulmonary function index levels measured in terms of percentage of predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced vital capacity in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), and the disappearance time of clinical symptoms (dyspnea, chest tightness, cough, wheezing) were compared between the two groups. Results Before the management, there were no differences in the C-ACT and PAQLQ scores between the two groups (p > 0.05). After management, the C-ACT and PAQLQ scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the reference group (p < 0.001). There were no differences in FVC%, PEF, and FEV1/FVC between the two groups before management (p > 0.05). After management, the FVC%, PEF, and FEV1/FVC levels of the observation group were higher than those of the reference group (p < 0.001). The disappearance time of clinical symptoms such as dyspnea, chest tightness, cough and lung wheezing in the observation group was shorter than that in the reference group (p < 0.001). Conclusion The child-oriented asthma education program is beneficial to the disease management in children with asthma, improving asthma control, quality of life, lung function indexes, and shortening the time of symptom disappearance.