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Frontal polymerization in thin layers: Hydrodynamic effects and asymptotic dynamics.

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Buoyancy-driven convection in thermal frontal polymerization (FP) creates complex reaction patterns. This study reveals a transition to an active chemo-hydrodynamic regime where convection slows polymerization, impacting front propagation speed.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Buoyancy-driven convection arises from temperature gradients in thermal frontal polymerization (FP).
  • The polymerization reaction front moves perpendicular to the gravity field.
  • Reactant viscosity can increase with the degree of polymerization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically study the dynamics of buoyancy-driven convection in thermal frontal polymerization under adiabatic conditions.
  • To investigate the transition between passive and active chemo-hydrodynamic regimes.
  • To explain how hydrodynamic currents affect polymerization wave velocity.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of system dynamics.
  • Analysis of reaction-diffusion and hydrodynamic interactions.
  • Scaling analysis to explain the influence of convection on front speed.

Main Results:

  • The reaction zone propagates as a hot spot with broken symmetry.
  • A steady-state asymptotic dynamics is reached, characterized by a propagating front and a surrounding vortex.
  • A transition occurs from a passive regime to an active chemo-hydrodynamic regime as vortex strength increases.
  • In the active regime, increased convection intensifies and decreases the front speed.
  • Increased polymer viscosity shifts flow ahead of the reaction zone, enhancing symmetry.

Conclusions:

  • Buoyancy-driven convection significantly alters frontal polymerization dynamics.
  • Hydrodynamic effects can lead to a decrease in polymerization wave velocity.
  • The study provides insights into the interplay between reaction kinetics and fluid dynamics in FP systems.