Biomimetic Superwetting Phenomena for Antifogging Surfaces

Fog formation on transparent windows compromises the visual clarity of these surfaces and brings hidden safety dangers, which underscores the importance of research into antifogging coatings. In recent years, biomimetic superwetting coatings have garnered significant attention as a key technology for addressing fogging issues. This review outlines the latest advancements in the design and fabrication of superwetting antifogging materials. Initially, the antifogging mechanism of superwetting surfaces was introduced briefly. Subsequently, contemporary developments in superhydrophobic antifogging surfaces inspired by organisms and superhydrophilic antifogging coatings with a variety of material systems have been emphatically discussed. The amphiphilic and heat-assisted antifogging surfaces, including photothermal and electrothermal surfaces, were also overviewed. Finally, a summary and future perspective on antifogging coating from its functionality, durability, and availability were discussed.