Detection of Genetic Variants in Thai Population by Trio-Based Whole-Genome Sequencing Study

This trio-based whole-genome sequencing (WGS) study enhances the accuracy of variant detection by leveraging parental genotypes, which facilitates the identification of de novo mutations and population-specific variants. Nonetheless, the comprehensive genetic variation data of the Thai population remain limited, posing challenges to advancing personalized medicine and population-based screening strategies. We establish the genetic variation information of a healthy Thai population by analyzing the sequences of 40 trios, yielding 120 whole genomes (excluding offspring). The resulting dataset encompasses 20.2 million variants, including 1.1 million novel and 19.1 million known variants. Within this dataset, we identify 169 pathogenic variants, of which 56 are classified as rare and 87 are absent from the ClinVar database as of version 2023. These pathogenic variants, particularly the rare and de novo mutations, will likely be of significant interest for genetic association studies. Notably, one pathogenic variant linked to a de novo mutation is found in the SF3B2 gene, which is associated with craniofacial microsomia. With its innovative methodology and comprehensive dataset, our trio-based whole-genome sequencing study provides an invaluable representation of the genetic variations in the Thai population. These data provide a critical foundation for further analyses of the pathogenic variants related to human disease phenotypes in genetic association studies.