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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2025

An Injectable and Drug-loaded Supramolecular Hydrogel for Local Catheter Injection into the Pig Heart
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Development of Dual-Crosslinking N-Isopropylacrylamide-Based Injectable Hydrogel for Transcatheter Embolization in

Amrita Pal1, Gabriel Zdrale1, Michelle Loui1

  • 1School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Center for Interventional Biomaterials, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-9709, USA.

Gels (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A novel injectable hydrogel system was developed as a liquid embolic agent for endovascular embolization. This biocompatible material successfully occluded vascular malformations in large animal models.

Keywords:
aneurysmembolic agentendovascular embolizationinjectable hydrogelocclusionpoly(NIPAAm)rheology

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Endovascular embolization (EE) commonly uses biocompatible agents to treat vascular abnormalities.
  • Existing agents require precise delivery and can have limitations in certain applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel NIPAAm-based injectable hydrogel as a liquid embolic agent for EE.
  • To optimize the hydrogel's properties for in vivo application and assess its efficacy in large animal models.

Main Methods:

  • A temperature-responsive, dual-crosslinking hydrogel was synthesized using NIPAAm.
  • Swelling and mechanical properties were tuned for optimal performance.
  • In vivo studies were conducted in nine swine models with surgically created aneurysms and rete mirabile, delivering the hydrogel via catheter under angiography.

Main Results:

  • The injectable hydrogel transformed into a solid implant in situ through chemical and thermal cross-linking.
  • Exploratory studies showed occlusion in one aneurysm and all rete mirabile.
  • Acute confirmatory studies demonstrated successful occlusion of all aneurysms and rete mirabile in six swine.

Conclusions:

  • A novel injectable hydrogel system was successfully constructed and characterized.
  • The hydrogel demonstrated efficacy in occluding vascular malformations in large animals.
  • This material holds potential as a future clinical liquid embolic agent for endovascular embolization.