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Enhancing Spatial Ability Assessment: Integrating Problem-Solving Strategies in Object Assembly Tasks Using
Jujia Li1, Kaiwen Man1, Joni M Lakin1
1Department of Educational Studies in Psychology, Research Methodology and Counseling, College of Education, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
Journal of Intelligence
|March 26, 2025
Summary
Reflective-Scanners, characterized by faster processing and fewer fixations, demonstrated superior performance in spatial reasoning tasks. Training falsification skills significantly enhances spatial ability, offering insights for personalized education.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Educational Psychology
- Psychometrics
Background:
- Investigating the link between problem-solving strategies and spatial reasoning performance is crucial for understanding cognitive processes.
- The Object Assembly (OA) task is a common measure of spatial reasoning ability.
- Existing models often analyze spatial ability and problem-solving strategies separately.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose and validate a novel Multimodal Joint-Hierarchical Cognitive Diagnosis Model (MJ-DINA) for integrated assessment of spatial reasoning and problem-solving strategies.
- To identify distinct problem-solving strategy groups based on response time and eye-tracking data in the OA task.
- To determine the impact of these strategies on spatial reasoning performance among young students.
Main Methods:
- Applied the MJ-DINA model, integrating a Deterministic Inputs, Noisy "and" Gate (DINA) model for spatial ability, a lognormal response time (RT) model, and a Bayesian Negative Binomial (BNF) model for fixation counts.
- Estimated five spatial cognitive attributes: encoding, falsification, mental rotation, mental displacement, and intractability recognition.
- Analyzed data from young students (aged 6-14) on 17 OA items, assessing model fit using Gelman-Rubin statistics and posterior predictive p-values.
Main Results:
- The MJ-DINA model demonstrated adequate fit, indicating reliable parameter estimation.
- Identified four problem-solving strategy groups, with the 'Reflective-Scanner' group (faster processing, fewer fixations) showing superior performance.
- Sufficient eye movement was identified as a key factor for better spatial reasoning, and training falsification skills proved most effective for performance improvement.
Conclusions:
- The MJ-DINA model provides a robust framework for simultaneously assessing spatial ability and problem-solving strategies.
- Problem-solving strategies, particularly those characterized by efficient processing and focused attention, significantly influence spatial task performance.
- Findings support the development of tailored educational interventions to enhance spatial ability based on individual problem-solving approaches.
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