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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants originating from combustion processes.
  • Exposure occurs via contaminated food, air inhalation, and cigarette smoking, posing significant health risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on PAH sources, exposure pathways, and adverse health effects.
  • To highlight PAHs' carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and reproductive impacts.
  • To emphasize occupational risks for groups like coke oven workers.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a narrative review of existing scientific literature on PAHs.
  • It synthesizes findings on PAH metabolism, health impacts, and exposure routes.

Main Results:

  • PAHs are metabolized into DNA-damaging intermediates, increasing risks for cancer, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Exposure significantly impacts reproductive health in both males and females, affecting fertility and fetal development.
  • Coke oven workers face high occupational exposure risks.

Conclusions:

  • Stringent environmental regulations and occupational safety measures are essential to mitigate PAH exposure.
  • Public health initiatives are needed to address the widespread health threats posed by PAHs.
  • Protecting reproductive and overall health requires minimizing human contact with these harmful compounds.