Disposable Paper Cups: A Study on Potentially Toxic Elements, Radiological Impact, and Feasibility of Valuable...

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Materials Science
• Radiochemistry

Background:

• Single-use paper cups are a significant waste stream.
• Characterization of their elemental composition and radiological impact is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the elemental composition and radiological impact of paper cups.
• To assess the potential for economic metal recovery from incineration residue.
• To evaluate the CO2 emissions and radiological risks associated with paper cup waste.

Main Methods:

• Neutron activation analysis was employed to identify and quantify 36 elements, including toxic elements and radionuclides (40K, Th, U).
• Incineration ash was analyzed for elemental composition and radioactivity.
• Radiological hazard indices were calculated to assess human health risks.

Main Results:

• Paper cups contain significant concentrations of Mg, Al, and Ca, with higher mass fractions of most elements compared to plastic cups.
• Copper and magnesium recovery from incineration ash is economically viable, particularly from colored cups.
• CO2 emissions were estimated at 1.77 kg/kg, and radioactivity levels were low (median 35 Bq/kg), posing minimal radiological risk.

Conclusions:

• Paper cups present a low radiological risk despite containing radionuclides.
• Economic recovery of valuable metals from paper cup waste is feasible.
• Waste management strategies should consider the elemental and radiological properties of paper cups.