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Prolonged Hospital Stay in Hypertensive Patients: Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors and Interactions
Stanisław Surma1, Michał Czapla2,3,4, Izabella Uchmanowicz5,6
1Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
Insights
Predictors of prolonged hospital stays in hypertension patients include lower LDL cholesterol, higher hs-CRP, and heart failure in women. These findings aid in managing hypertension and reducing healthcare burdens.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Clinical Medicine
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Arterial hypertension (HT) is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
- Prolonged hospital stays (LOHS) in HT patients strain healthcare resources.
- Identifying predictors of LOHS is crucial for effective patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze biochemical and clinical factors associated with prolonged LOHS in hospitalized HT patients.
- To identify key predictors and interactions influencing LOHS in this population.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective study of 356 adult HT patients from January 2017 to June 2021.
- Data included demographics, BMI, comorbidities, and laboratory parameters.
- Logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of LOHS (≥4 days) and interactions.
Main Results:
- Lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) predicted prolonged LOHS.
- Each 1 mg/dL decrease in LDL-c increased LOHS odds by 1.21% (p < 0.001).
- Each 1 mg/L increase in hsCRP increased LOHS odds by 3.80% (p = 0.004).
- An interaction between sex and heart failure (HF) was significant: female patients with HF had 3.995-fold higher odds of prolonged LOHS (p < 0.001), with no significant difference in males.
Conclusions:
- Key predictors of prolonged LOHS in HT patients are lower LDL-c, elevated hsCRP, and the sex-heart failure interaction.
- Female HT patients with HF face significantly higher odds of prolonged hospitalization.
- These findings highlight specific patient subgroups requiring targeted management strategies to reduce LOHS.
Abstract:
Background/Objectives: Arterial hypertension (HT) is a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, often contributing to prolonged lengths of hospital stay (LOHS), which place significant strain on healthcare systems. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with prolonged lengths of hospital stay in patients with HT, focusing on key biochemical and clinical predictors. Methods: This retrospective study included 356 adult patients hospitalized in the Cardiology Department of the University Hospital in Wroclaw, Poland, between January 2017 and June 2021. Data collected included demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, and laboratory parameters. Logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of prolonged LOHS, defined as four or more days, and to evaluate interactions between variables. Results: Lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and elevated concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were identified as significant predictors of prolonged LOHS, with each 1 mg/dL decrease in LDL-c increasing the odds of prolonged LOHS by 1.21% (p < 0.001) and each 1 mg/L increase in hsCRP raising the odds by 3.80% (p = 0.004). An interaction between sex and heart failure (HF) was also observed. Female patients with HF had 3.995-fold higher odds of prolonged LOHS compared to females without HF (p < 0.001), while no significant difference was found among male patients with or without HF (p = 0.890). Conclusions: The predictors of prolonged LOHS in patients with HT include lower levels of LDL-c, elevated hsCRP, and the interaction between sex and heart failure (HF). Specifically, female patients with HF demonstrated significantly higher odds of prolonged LOHS compared to females without HF, while this relationship was not observed in male patients.
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