Topics of Study in Under-18 Padel Categories: A Scoping Review

The aim of this scoping review was to examine the existing literature on padel among young players (under 18) and classify its main research areas. A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified 16 studies on teaching methodologies, psychological characteristics, physiological demands, physical attributes, and gameplay parameters. This review provides the first comprehensive synthesis of research on youth padel. The findings suggest that a search-based teaching methodology enhances skill acquisition more effectively than traditional methods. Modifying the court dimensions (20 × 10 m to 10 × 6 m) and ball pressure optimizes learning in early training (~8-10 years). At advanced levels, training with professional players increases motivation and performance. The psychological analysis shows higher self-confidence and lower cognitive and somatic anxiety, with boys exhibiting greater somatic anxiety than girls, highlighting the need for sex-specific psychological strategies. The physiological findings establish reference values, with a higher VO2max in boys and younger players. In physical performance, boys outperform girls in terms of jump height and strength, while girls excel in agility. The gameplay analysis reveals that the rally duration increases with the skill level (7-9 s in beginners, 9-12 s in national players), the stroke frequency varies by level (from 4 at initiation level to 6-9 at regional and national levels), and there are differences in specific technical actions (forehand and backhand for initiation level, volleys for advanced level, and bandeja to finish points). From a practical standpoint, these insights can help coaches to tailor training strategies by considering a player's age, sex, and competitive level, optimizing youth padel performance.