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Trace elements and cognitions in elderly population: a case-control study.

Anil Kumar Maurya1, Mona Srivastava2, Ashish Ashish3

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India.

Biometals : an International Journal on the Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry, and Medicine
|March 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trace element levels in elderly individuals are linked to cognitive health. Higher iron and copper, with lower zinc, chromium, and selenium, correlate with cognitive impairment, as shown by Hindi Mini-Mental State Examination and Hindi Mattis Dementia Rating Scale scores.

Keywords:
CognitionDementiaHMDRSHMMSETrace elements

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment in the elderly is a growing concern.
  • Limited research exists on trace elements and cognitive function in this population.
  • Accurate diagnosis of cognitive decline is crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in blood serum trace element levels between cognitively impaired elderly individuals and controls.
  • To correlate trace element concentrations with cognitive scores from the Hindi Mini-Mental State Examination (HMMSE) and Hindi Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (HMDRS).

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 240 elderly subjects (120 cases, 120 controls).
  • Trace elements (Iron, Copper, Zinc, Chromium, Selenium, Magnesium) analyzed via Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.
  • Cognitive function assessed using HMMSE and HMDRS.

Main Results:

  • Significant demographic differences (age, gender, education) between groups.
  • Elevated serum Iron (Fe) and Copper (Cu) levels, and reduced Zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr), and Selenium (Se) levels in the cognitive impairment group (p < .001).
  • Lower HMMSE and HMDRS scores observed in the cognitively impaired group.

Conclusions:

  • Specific blood serum trace element profiles are associated with cognitive impairment in the elderly.
  • Higher Fe and Cu, and lower Zn, Cr, and Se may increase the risk of cognitive decline.
  • These findings support the potential role of trace elements in cognitive health assessment and management.