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Viruses in the realm Adnaviria possess unique linear, double-stranded DNA genomes structured in the A-form. These viruses infect archaea and feature distinct major capsid proteins, forming filamentous virions.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Archaea biology
  • Structural biology

Background:

  • The realm Adnaviria encompasses viruses with linear, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes.
  • These viruses exhibit unique virion structures, including flexible or rigid filaments, and may possess envelopes.
  • Adnavirians are characterized by homologous major capsid proteins (MCPs) with a distinct alpha-helical fold.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) report on the realm Adnaviria.
  • To highlight the unique genomic and structural features of Adnaviria viruses.
  • To describe the hosts and characteristics of Adnavirians.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the ICTV report on Adnaviria.
  • Analysis of genomic structure (A-form dsDNA).
  • Characterization of virion morphology and major capsid protein (MCP) structure.

Main Results:

  • Adnaviria viruses possess linear dsDNA genomes in the A-form, distinct from the usual B-form.
  • Virions are filamentous, with flexible or rigid structures, and can be enveloped.
  • Homologous MCPs with a unique alpha-helical fold form capsomers, creating helical symmetry in virions.

Conclusions:

  • Adnaviria represents a distinct viral realm with unique genomic and structural properties.
  • Adnavirians infect hyperthermophilic, thermoacidophilic, and methanotrophic archaea.
  • The distinct MCP structure and A-form DNA are key defining features of Adnaviria.