Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria01:01

Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria

2.6K
Distillation is a separation technique that takes advantage of the boiling point properties of disparate elements in a mixture. To perform distillation, we begin by heating a miscible mixture of two liquids with a significant difference in boiling points (at least 20°C). As the solution heats up and reaches the bubble point of the more volatile component, some molecules of the more volatile component transition into the gas phase and travel upward into the condenser, which is a glass tube...
2.6K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

468
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
468
Centrifugation01:05

Centrifugation

2.1K
Centrifugation is a separation technique based on differences in density or size. It is commonly used to separate solids from aqueous interferents. During centrifugation, the sample is placed in centrifugation tubes and spun at high angular velocity, which allows centrifugal force to act differentially on the different densities or masses of the components. After spinning, the supernatant liquid is decanted. Depending on the specific application, either the pellet or the supernatant is retained...
2.1K
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

361
In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
361
Vapor Pressure Lowering03:28

Vapor Pressure Lowering

25.8K
The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by its gaseous phase when vaporization and condensation are occurring at equal rates:
 
Dissolving a nonvolatile substance in volatile liquid results in a lowering of the liquid’s vapor pressure. This phenomenon can be explained by considering the effect of added solute molecules on the liquid's vaporization and condensation processes. To vaporize, solvent molecules must be present at the surface of the solution....
25.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Epigenetic compartmentalization of mitotic chromosomes by phase-separation-driven repulsion between WDR5 and the chromosomal passenger complex.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Steering Active-Colloid Assembly by Biasing Dissipation.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2026
Same author

Sequence-encoded patterning of stickers modulates biomolecular condensate reconfiguration in IDP systems.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Motorized chromosome models of mitotic chromosome folding.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Distribution and Relative Size of Protein Binding Domains Cooperatively Influence Phase Separation of Protein-RNA Mixtures.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2025
Same author

The molecular mechanism of temperature-dependent phase separation of heat shock factor 1.

Nature chemical biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2025

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure
08:02

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure

Published on: April 17, 2018

10.3K

Activity-Induced Droplet Inversion in Multicomponent Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation.

Xianyun Jiang1, Zhonghuai Hou1

  • 1Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation
|March 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Non-equilibrium factors alter liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) droplet structures. This study models active LLPS, revealing significant changes in morphology and dynamics, offering insights into cellular processes.

More Related Videos

Synthesis and Characterization of Multi-Modal Phase-Change Porphyrin Droplets
07:59

Synthesis and Characterization of Multi-Modal Phase-Change Porphyrin Droplets

Published on: October 15, 2021

3.6K
Production of Membrane-Filtered Phase-Shift Decafluorobutane Nanodroplets from Preformed Microbubbles
07:10

Production of Membrane-Filtered Phase-Shift Decafluorobutane Nanodroplets from Preformed Microbubbles

Published on: March 23, 2021

2.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2025

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure
08:02

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure

Published on: April 17, 2018

10.3K
Synthesis and Characterization of Multi-Modal Phase-Change Porphyrin Droplets
07:59

Synthesis and Characterization of Multi-Modal Phase-Change Porphyrin Droplets

Published on: October 15, 2021

3.6K
Production of Membrane-Filtered Phase-Shift Decafluorobutane Nanodroplets from Preformed Microbubbles
07:10

Production of Membrane-Filtered Phase-Shift Decafluorobutane Nanodroplets from Preformed Microbubbles

Published on: March 23, 2021

2.7K

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is fundamental for forming membrane-less organelles.
  • LLPS is critical for cellular physiology and is an active research area.
  • The impact of non-equilibrium conditions on LLPS remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of non-equilibrium factors on LLPS.
  • To develop a model for non-equilibrium phase separation with active components.
  • To analyze changes in droplet morphology and dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a three-component (A, B, C) model for non-equilibrium phase separation.
  • Integrated a non-equilibrium term into the chemical potential of active component B.
  • Performed simulations to study active and passive LLPS systems.
  • Derived an effective free energy for the active LLPS system.

Main Results:

  • Non-equilibrium conditions significantly alter droplet morphology and dynamics compared to equilibrium.
  • The B-A-C structure can transform into a C-A-B structure under sufficient activity.
  • Simulations revealed shifts in phase boundaries and the effect of activity on droplet structures.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a foundational model for non-equilibrium phase separation.
  • Findings offer crucial insights into LLPS under active conditions.
  • The research contributes to understanding intracellular non-equilibrium phenomena.