Subdermal contraceptive implants

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Health
• Contraception
• Public Health

Background:

• Unplanned pregnancy (UP) is a significant global public health issue.
• Long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods are crucial for preventing UP.
• Subdermal implants are a leading LARC method.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current subdermal contraceptive implants, specifically etonogestrel (ENG) and levonorgestrel (LNG) implants.
• To provide an update on their efficacy, safety, and usage.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of subdermal contraceptive implants.
• Analysis of efficacy data, failure rates, and side effect profiles.
• Examination of contraindications and drug interactions.

Main Results:

• Contraceptive implants demonstrate very high efficacy, with failure rates as low as 4/1000 women over five years.
• Implants offer long-term contraception after a single insertion with minimal adverse effects.
• Key drug interactions to monitor include those with topiramate, rifampin, and efavirenz.

Conclusions:

• Subdermal contraceptive implants are an excellent strategy for reducing unplanned pregnancies.
• The etonogestrel implant is approved for three years, with ongoing research into extended use.
• Implants provide safe and effective long-term birth control with few contraindications.