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The Wald-Wolfowitz test, also known as the runs test, is a nonparametric statistical test used to assess the randomness of a sequence of two different types of elements (e.g., positive/negative values, successes/failures). It examines whether the order of the elements in a sequence is random or if there is a pattern or trend present. This nonparametric test applies to any ordered data despite the population and sample data distribution, even if a higher sample size is available.
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CHTW(R)-system in Ca2+ transport modelling.

Alexander Yu Chunikhin1, Hanna V Danylovych1, Yurii V Danylovych1

  • 1Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.

Bio Systems
|March 26, 2025
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This study introduces CHTW(R) systems, a novel resource-controlled Petri net model. This model analyzes mitochondrial calcium dynamics by linking system parameters to resource levels.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Biophysics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Petri nets are a modeling tool for concurrent systems.
  • Previous work introduced CHTW-systems as multidimensional Petri nets.
  • Resource dynamics are crucial in biological systems, like calcium signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a resource-controlled CHTW (CHTW(R)) system.
  • To analyze how resource levels influence system parameters.
  • To apply this model to study mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Extending CHTW-systems to CHTW(R) systems.
  • Defining resource control via mark-functions of container branes.
  • Implementing threshold and rate functions dependent on resource values.

Main Results:

  • The CHTW(R) system effectively models systems with resource-dependent parameters.
  • The model was successfully applied to analyze changes in mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration.
  • Demonstrated the utility of multidimensional Petri nets in biological modeling.

Conclusions:

  • CHTW(R) systems offer a powerful framework for modeling resource-controlled dynamic systems.
  • This approach provides new insights into mitochondrial calcium regulation.
  • The multidimensional Petri net concept is applicable to complex biological processes.