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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2025

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
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Environmental factors and rheumatic diseases.

Stefano Rodolfi1, Carlo Selmi1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology
|March 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Environmental factors significantly influence rheumatic diseases. Smoking, pollutants, and microbiome alterations are key, while alcohol and UV light have complex effects, impacting disease onset and progression.

Keywords:
Alcohol consumptionEnvironmental factorsMicrobiomeRheumatic diseasesSmoking

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Environmental Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Rheumatic diseases involve complex interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental triggers.
  • Understanding environmental agents is crucial for deconstructing rheumatic disease pathogenesis.
  • Numerous environmental factors demonstrate both detrimental and protective effects on disease onset and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key environmental factors implicated in rheumatic diseases.
  • To elucidate the pathophysiological roles of these agents.
  • To correlate environmental exposures with clinical outcomes in rheumatology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of environmental factors in rheumatic diseases.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data and mechanistic studies.
  • Synthesis of information on risk factors, protective effects, and clinical correlations.

Main Results:

  • Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and spondyloarthropathies.
  • Airborne pollutants (silica, solvents, asbestos, metals) are recognized risks.
  • Alcohol, UV light, microbial exposure, and microbiome alterations exhibit complex, variable associations with rheumatic diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental factors play a pivotal role in the development and progression of rheumatic diseases.
  • Specific agents like smoking and pollutants have clear detrimental effects.
  • Further research into the nuanced roles of factors like alcohol, UV, and the microbiome is essential for targeted interventions.