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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

26.4K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
26.4K
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.2K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
7.6K

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Updated: May 20, 2025

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

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Lanthanide single-atom catalysts for efficient CO2-to-CO electroreduction.

Qiyou Wang1,2, Tao Luo1,2, Xueying Cao3

  • 1Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.

Nature Communications
|March 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lanthanide single-atom catalysts (SACs) efficiently convert carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) by overcoming traditional adsorption challenges. This breakthrough offers a promising pathway for CO2 utilization and catalysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer 100% atomic utilization efficiency for chemical reactions.
  • Electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR) to CO is a key strategy for CO2 utilization.
  • Traditional SACs face challenges in CO2 adsorption and CO desorption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel catalytic strategy for efficient CO2RR using the entire lanthanide (Ln) group.
  • To investigate the mechanism of CO2RR facilitated by Ln SACs.
  • To achieve high performance in CO2-to-CO conversion.

Main Methods:

  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
  • Operando spectroscopy.
  • X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS).

Main Results:

  • A series of 14 Ln SACs were synthesized, all showing >90% CO Faradaic efficiency.
  • The erbium (Er) SAC demonstrated a high turnover frequency of ~130,000 h⁻¹ at 500 mA cm⁻².
  • Achieved 34.7% full-cell energy efficiency and 70.4% CO2 conversion at 200 mA cm⁻².

Conclusions:

  • The lanthanide group collectively enhances CO2RR performance through unique bridging adsorption mechanisms.
  • This catalytic platform opens new avenues for efficient CO2 conversion using SACs.
  • Exploration of novel bonding motifs in SACs is crucial for advanced catalysis.