Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

428
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
428
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

30.9K
Overview
30.9K
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

862
MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
862
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

450
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
450
Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

1.6K
The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
1.6K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

617
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
617

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Precision-engineered STING agonist nanoparticles enable coordinated mucosal-systemic immunity for durable pan-β-coronavirus protection.

Nature nanotechnology·2026
Same author

Fusogenic Polymer-Liposome-Hybrid Nanoparticle: A Versatile Platform for Synchronized Drug Delivery to the Cytoplasm and Cell Membrane.

Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.)·2026
Same author

Adjuvants orchestrate cross-organ induction of mucosal CD8+ T cell immune responses in respiratory tracts.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
Same author

Mevalonate pathway rewiring driven by enhancer remodelling confers resistance to KRAS inhibitors in colorectal cancer.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

An mRNA Tumor Nanovaccine Expressing Tumor Antigen Fused With Angiotensin II Facilitates Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-Mediated Anti-Tumor Immunity.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Next-generation inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 M<sup>pro</sup> overcome the deficiencies of Paxlovid.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Retraction Note: NSD2 targeting reverses plasticity and drug resistance in prostate cancer.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Enhanced B cell priming induces broadly neutralizing HIV-1 apex antibodies.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Vaccination elicits HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies in primates.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Child online safety needs more than social-media bans.

Nature·2026
Same journal

Ebola preparedness must start with ecosystems and before humans show symptoms.

Nature·2026
Same journal

AI tools can speed up thinking, but evidence still comes from the lab bench.

Nature·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2025

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
12:09

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: February 28, 2019

9.7K

STING agonist-based ER-targeting molecules boost antigen cross-presentation.

Xiafeng Wang1,2, Zhangping Huang2, Lixiao Xing3

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

Nature
|March 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed STING agonist-based ER-targeting molecules (SABER) to enhance CD8+ T cell responses. This novel delivery system targets the endoplasmic reticulum, improving vaccine efficacy against tumors and infections.

More Related Videos

Chemical Conjugation of a Purified DEC-205-Directed Antibody with Full-Length Protein for Targeting Mouse Dendritic Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
10:35

Chemical Conjugation of a Purified DEC-205-Directed Antibody with Full-Length Protein for Targeting Mouse Dendritic Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: February 5, 2021

3.3K
Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
12:48

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation

Published on: August 21, 2017

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2025

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
12:09

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: February 28, 2019

9.7K
Chemical Conjugation of a Purified DEC-205-Directed Antibody with Full-Length Protein for Targeting Mouse Dendritic Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
10:35

Chemical Conjugation of a Purified DEC-205-Directed Antibody with Full-Length Protein for Targeting Mouse Dendritic Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: February 5, 2021

3.3K
Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
12:48

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation

Published on: August 21, 2017

8.2K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • CD8+ T cell responses are crucial for fighting infections and tumors.
  • Antigen cross-presentation in dendritic cells' endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is key for CD8+ T cell induction.
  • Current antigen delivery methods lack subcellular precision, particularly for the cytosol-to-ER pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel ER-targeting delivery system for antigens.
  • To enhance CD8+ T cell immune responses through precise subcellular delivery.
  • To investigate the adjuvant properties of the developed system.

Main Methods:

  • Development of STING agonist-based ER-targeting molecules (SABER).
  • Conjugation of SABER to various antigens (tumor neoantigens, viral epitopes).
  • Assessment of CD8+ T cell induction and immune responses in preclinical models.
  • Evaluation of SABER's adjuvant effect in a SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine model.

Main Results:

  • SABER effectively delivers antigens to the ER, forming microreactors.
  • Conjugation with SABER significantly enhances CD8+ T cell responses to tumor and viral antigens.
  • SABER demonstrates superior efficacy compared to conventional adjuvants or antigen/agonist mixtures.
  • SABER acts as a potent adjuvant, improving neutralizing antibody responses for a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Conclusions:

  • SABER represents a high-affinity ER-targeting delivery system and vaccine adjuvant.
  • Precise subcellular delivery to the ER's cross-presentation machinery enables significant advancements in vaccine design.
  • This approach offers a qualitative leap in inducing robust CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity.