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Published on: February 2, 2017
Relationship between chrononutrition and cardiometabolic risk in prepubertal children with and without excess weight
Beatriz Louise Costa Themistocles1, Fernanda Mussi Gazolla Jannuzzi2, Alexandra Maria Monteiro Grisolia3
1Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Insights
Chrononutrition impacts child cardiometabolic health. Higher morning/afternoon carbohydrate intake and lower nighttime protein intake in children are linked to improved cardiometabolic risk factors.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Endocrinology
- Nutritional Science
- Cardiovascular Health
Background:
- Chrononutrition, the study of food timing's biological effects, may influence childhood cardiometabolic health.
- Understanding this relationship is vital for addressing pediatric obesity and associated risks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the association between chrononutrition patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in prepubertal children.
- Investigate how the timing of caloric and macronutrient intake relates to health markers.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study of 93 children (ages 5-12) categorized by weight status (healthy, overweight, obese, severe obesity).
- 24-hour dietary recalls analyzed for morning, afternoon, and night intake of calories and macronutrients.
- Cardiometabolic risk assessed via fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, lipids, abdominal fat, and carotid intima-media thickness.
Main Results:
- Obese children exhibited higher insulinemia, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, and abdominal fat.
- Morning carbohydrate intake correlated inversely with total cholesterol.
- Afternoon caloric, carbohydrate, and lipid intake were inversely associated with insulinemia.
- Nighttime protein intake positively correlated with BMI Z-score, insulinemia, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, abdominal fat, and carotid intima-media thickness.
Conclusions:
- Increased morning and afternoon carbohydrate intake, along with higher afternoon caloric and lipid intake, were linked to better cardiometabolic profiles.
- Lower afternoon and nighttime protein intake showed associations with improved cardiometabolic risk factors in prepubescent children.
Background:
Chrononutrition may affect childhood cardiometabolic health. Understanding this relationship may be crucial for managing paediatric obesity.
Objective:
To investigate the relationship between chrononutrition and cardiometabolic risk factors in prepubertal children.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 93 participants (50 males, 5-12 years), categorized as healthy weight (HW, n = 34), overweight (OV, n = 10), obese (OB, n = 23) and severe obesity (SOB, n = 26). 24-h dietary recalls assessed participants' caloric and energy substrate intake, analysed for the morning (until 11 am), afternoon (11 am to 6 pm), night (after 6:01 pm), and total daily intake. Cardiometabolic risk was evaluated through fasting glycemia, insulinemia, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and ultrasound analysis of abdominal fat (AF) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).
Results:
OB and SOB subjects had significantly higher (p < 0.001) insulinemia, HOMA-IR, TG, and AF, compared to HW subjects. SOB subjects showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) total daily protein intake than HW subjects. Considering the total sample, morning carbohydrate intake was inversely associated (p < 0.05; r = -0.21) with TC. Afternoon total calories (r = -0.33), carbohydrate (r = -0.35), and lipid (r = -0.23) intake were inversely associated (p < 0.05) with insulinemia. Higher lipid intake was linked to lower HDL-cholesterol (r = -0.22), while protein intake was linked to higher BMI Z-Score (r = 0.25) and glycemia (r = 0.23). Nighttime protein intake was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with BMI Z-Score (r = 0.24), insulinemia (r = 0.24), HOMA-IR (r = 0.27), TG (r = 0.25), AF (r = 0.25), and CIMT (r = 0.27).
Conclusion:
Higher morning and afternoon carbohydrate intake, increased afternoon caloric and lipid intake, and lower afternoon and night protein intake in prepubescents were associated with a better health profile, including improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors.
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