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Thymus involution in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

W W Grody, S Fligiel, F Naeim

    American Journal of Clinical Pathology
    |July 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) causes severe thymus damage, particularly to Hassall's corpuscles. This thymus pathology may be key to understanding AIDS pathogenesis and T-lymphocyte dysfunction.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a severe T-lymphocyte disorder of unknown cause.
    • AIDS predominantly affects specific high-risk groups and is characterized by profound immune system alterations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate thymus tissue changes in patients who died of AIDS.
    • To compare these changes with those in various control groups.

    Main Methods:

    • Histological examination of thymus tissue from 14 AIDS patients.
    • Comparison with five control groups: healthy, elderly, chronically ill, stressed infants, and myasthenia gravis patients.
    • Immunohistochemical staining for keratin.

    Main Results:

    • AIDS thymus tissue showed marked involution with lymphocyte and epithelial cell depletion.
    • Strikingly, Hassall's corpuscles were severely depleted or calcified in AIDS patients.
    • Vascular changes and plasma cell infiltration were also noted in AIDS thymus.

    Conclusions:

    • AIDS is associated with extensive and unique thymus pathology, including Hassall's corpuscle destruction.
    • This pathology may contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of AIDS and its associated immune dysfunction.
    • Further research into Hassall's corpuscle function in AIDS is warranted.

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