Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Protein Folding Quality Check in the RER

Protein Folding Quality Check in the RER

ER is the primary site for the maturation and folding of soluble and transmembrane secretory proteins. The calnexin cycle is a specific chaperone system that folds and assesses the confirmation of N-glycosylated proteins before they can exit the ER lumen. The primary players of this quality check pipeline are the lectins, ER-resident chaperones, and a glucosyl transferase enzyme. In case the calnexin system in the lumen fails to salvage a misfolded protein, it is transported to the cytoplasm...

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR...

Oligosaccharide Assembly

Oligosaccharide Assembly

Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...

Proteoglycans

Proteoglycans

Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...

Protein Glycosylation

Protein Glycosylation

Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Therapeutic Potential of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> Extract on Endometriosis: Evidence from In Vitro Models.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Same author

Functional Analysis of the Histidine N-Methyltransferase SETD3 in Endometriosis.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Same author

How deep is deep enough? The importance of the detection limits of the CML minimal residual disease gDNA assay.

Cell death discovery·2026

Same author

TMEM230 and mitochondrial regulation in Alzheimer's disease.

International review of neurobiology·2026

Same author

Prognostic influence of small leucine-rich proteoglycans on serous ovarian cancer.

Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology·2026

Same author

Large Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Latent MMP-8 and Gelatinolytically Active MMP-2 as Potential Circulating Markers for Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer.

Cancers·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2025

Isolation of Intermediate Filament Proteins from Multiple Mouse Tissues to Study Aging-associated Post-translational Modifications

Isolation of Intermediate Filament Proteins from Multiple Mouse Tissues to Study Aging-associated Post-translational Modifications

Published on: May 18, 2017

Glycosylation Regulation by TMEM230 in Aging and Autoimmunity.

Eleonora Piscitelli¹, Edoardo Abeni¹, Cristiana Balbino²

¹Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20054 Segrate, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|March 27, 2025

Summary

Aging impacts immune function, increasing risks of cancer and autoimmune disease. TMEM230 and RNASET2 downregulation may drive age-related autoimmune disorders by affecting glycosylation and cellular stress responses.

Keywords:

PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease RNASET2 TMEM230 (C20orf30)aging autoimmunity rheumatoid arthritis endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response glycosylation transcriptomic single cell sequencing

More Related Videos

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Published on: December 7, 2017

Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood

Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood

Published on: April 16, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2025

Isolation of Intermediate Filament Proteins from Multiple Mouse Tissues to Study Aging-associated Post-translational Modifications

Isolation of Intermediate Filament Proteins from Multiple Mouse Tissues to Study Aging-associated Post-translational Modifications

Published on: May 18, 2017

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Published on: December 7, 2017

Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood

Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood

Published on: April 16, 2012

Area of Science:

Immunology
Aging Research
Glycobiology

Background:

Aging compromises self-tolerance and tumor recognition, increasing susceptibility to cancer and autoimmune disorders.
Cellular interactions and tissue functionality rely on diverse glycan signatures on cell membranes and in tissues.
Previous work linked TMEM230 (endoplasmic reticulum protein) expression to glycan enzyme activity in rheumatoid arthritis.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize genes and pathways co-modulated with glycan-regulating enzymes in all synovial tissue cell types.
To investigate the role of TMEM230 and RNASET2 in age-dependent autoimmune disorders.

Main Methods:

Single-cell transcript sequencing of rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue.
Analysis of gene and pathway co-modulation with enzymes regulating glycan synthesis, processing, and glycosylation.

Main Results:

Identified co-modulated genes and pathways associated with aging hallmarks, including oxidative phosphorylation, ER stress, DNA repair, senescence, glycolysis, and apoptosis.
Observed links between TMEM230 and RNASET2 downregulation and age-dependent autoimmune disorder pathways.

Conclusions:

Downregulation of TMEM230 and RNASET2 may serve as a model for studying age-dependent autoimmune disorders.
These proteins are crucial regulators of glycosylation, unfolded protein response, and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling, impacting aging and disease.