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Decoding the Epigenome of Breast Cancer
Elisa Cortellesi1, Isabella Savini1, Matteo Veneziano1
1Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 27, 2025
Summary
Epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation and histone changes significantly influence breast cancer (BC) development and progression. Combining epigenetic drugs with other treatments may improve patient outcomes and personalized therapy.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Epigenetics
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous malignancy in women.
- Epigenetic alterations are key drivers of BC initiation, progression, and prognosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of epigenetic modifications in breast cancer.
- To explore the clinical implications of epigenetic alterations and therapies.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature on epigenetics in breast cancer.
- Analysis of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA roles.
- Evaluation of current and potential epigenetic therapies.
Main Results:
- Epigenetic changes (DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs) regulate gene expression, cell differentiation, and tumor microenvironment.
- Aberrant DNA methylation patterns are linked to BC subtypes, impacting early detection and risk assessment.
- Histone modifications influence cancer cell plasticity and aggressiveness.
- Non-coding RNAs modulate epigenetic machinery and gene expression.
Conclusions:
- Epigenetic insights are crucial for personalized breast cancer treatment strategies.
- Epigenetic biomarkers hold potential for improving BC diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response.
- Combination epigenetic therapies show promise for enhancing treatment efficacy.
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