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Cytological Analysis of Upper Respiratory Tract Epithelial Cells in Chrysotile Asbestos Factory Workers
Yertay Otarov1, Zhengisbek Zharylkassyn2, Altynay Shaibek3
1NC JSC National Centre Occupational Health and Diseases, 15 Mustafin Street, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan.
Objective:
This study aims to assess the impact of prolonged occupational exposure to chrysotile asbestos on the epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract and the levels of surfactant protein D (SP-D) in female workers.
Methods:
Buccal epithelial cell samples were collected from 40 workers at JSC "Kostanay Minerals", fixed using the May-Grünwald method, and stained with the Romanowsky-Giemsa technique. SP-D levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results:
Workers exposed to asbestos dust exhibited a significant increase in cytological abnormalities and higher SP-D levels compared to the control group.
Conclusion:
Prolonged exposure to chrysotile-containing dust leads to degenerative changes in upper respiratory tract epithelial cells, characterized by cytological and cytogenetic abnormalities, alongside elevated SP-D levels, highlighting the need for preventive health measures.
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