Biomarkers in Atopic Dermatitis in Children: A Comprehensive Review

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Immunology
• Genetics

Background:

• Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition impacting quality of life and linked to the atopic march.
• Recent advances in biomarker research provide insights into AD pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the utility of emerging biomarkers for understanding AD mechanisms and stratifying patient care.
• To explore minimally invasive diagnostic techniques and biomarkers predicting disease progression and comorbidities.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of biomarker research in atopic dermatitis.
• Evaluation of cytokines, chemokines, genetic markers, and microbiome components.
• Assessment of minimally invasive techniques like tape stripping and RNA monitoring.

Main Results:

• Emerging biomarkers aid in understanding AD pathogenesis and patient stratification.
• Minimally invasive techniques show promise, especially for pediatric AD.
• Biomarkers can predict disease progression, treatment response, and associated conditions like asthma and food allergies.

Conclusions:

• Biomarker-driven approaches hold transformative potential for managing pediatric AD and associated conditions.
• Personalized, endotype-specific treatments are a future direction.
• Further large-scale validation is required for routine clinical integration of biomarkers.