The Role of the Ubiquitin System in Eye Diseases

The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a fundamental process that regulates various biological functions, including immune response, cell cycle, oxidative stress, migration, and cellular proliferation. This system is responsible for the degradation of proteins, while proteasomes play a significant role in mechanisms involved in health and human diseases. The participation of the UPS in immune response is particularly relevant, leading to the involvement of immunoproteasomes. This specialized proteasome is involved in the processing and presentation of antigenic peptides, making it crucial for proper immune function. Moreover, the impact of the UPS is considered essential in understanding several diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, infections, and vascular diseases. The dysregulation of the UPS may contribute to the pathogenesis of these conditions, highlighting its importance as a potential therapeutic target. Interestingly, the UPS is also related to ocular structures, playing a role in visual perception and ocular homeostasis. This involvement in the regulation of various ocular processes suggests its potential impact on both anterior and posterior eye pathologies. This review aims to discuss the general considerations of the UPS and provide information about its participation in anterior and posterior eye pathologies. By understanding its role in ocular health and disease, researchers and clinicians may explore novel therapeutic strategies targeting the UPS for the treatment of various eye conditions. In conclusion, the UPS is a crucial player in biological processes, with far-reaching implications in health and disease, including the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Further research in this field may lead to the development of innovative therapies and a better understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying various eye disorders.