Applications and Recent Advances of Low-Temperature Multicomponent Solders in Electronic Packaging: A Review

Flexible wearable devices and solar flexible units often use thermally sensitive organic materials as substrates, which are prone to thermal damage during the bonding process in 3D packaging, leading to chip deformation or failure. Multicomponent solders, with well-designed multicomponent metallic elements, exhibit unique low-melting-point characteristics. The application of low-temperature multicomponent solders in electronic packaging can significantly reduce bonding temperatures and minimize thermal damage to chips. This paper reviews the wettability and preparation methods of low-temperature multicomponent solders, and concludes the effect of different metallic elements on the solders. Additionally, this paper discusses the research on interfacial reactions, mechanical properties of low-temperature multicomponent solder joints, providing valuable insights for future research and development in this field.