Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

4.0K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
4.0K
Preparation of Nitriles01:12

Preparation of Nitriles

2.0K
One of the common methods to prepare nitriles is the dehydration of amides. This method requires strong dehydrating agents like phosphorous pentoxide or boiling acetic anhydride for converting amides to nitriles. Another reagent namely, thionyl chloride also accomplishes the dehydration of amides, where amide acts as a nucleophile. The first step of the mechanism involves the nucleophilic attack by the amide on the thionyl chloride to form an intermediate. In the next step, the electron pairs...
2.0K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

3.2K
Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
3.2K
Nitrosation of Enols01:19

Nitrosation of Enols

2.4K
The nitrosation reaction is one of the methods of preparing 1,2-diketones. The enol tautomer of the starting ketone reacts with sodium nitrite in hydrochloric acid, generating the 1,2-diketone after hydrolysis.
2.4K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

3.7K
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
3.7K
Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

49.6K
The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
49.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Polyfunctionalized <i>N</i>-Arylsulfonyl Indoles: Identification of (<i>E</i>)-<i>N</i>-Hydroxy-3-{3-[(5-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy]-1<i>H</i>-indol-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl}acrylamide (MTP150) for the Epigenetic-Based Therapy of Parkinson's Disease.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Masupirdine, a Selective Serotonin 5‑HT<sub>6</sub> Receptor Antagonist for Alzheimer's Disease.

ACS pharmacology & translational science·2026
Same author

NLRP3 Inflammasome Role and NLRP3 Inhibitors in Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

Biomolecules·2026
Same author

First Sustainable One-Pot Tandem Hantzsch Multicomponent Reaction/Click Reaction Approach for Novel Multitarget-Directed Ligands in Alzheimer's Disease.

ACS chemical neuroscience·2025
Same author

Crosstalk between NLRP3 Signaling and Histone Deacetylases in Inflammasome-Driven Diseases.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2025
Same author

Zervimesine, a Small Sigma‑2 Receptor Selective Modulator for Alzheimer's Disease.

ACS medicinal chemistry letters·2025
Same journal

RETRACTED: Atta et al. Effect of Montmorillonite Nanogel Composite Fillers on the Protection Performance of Epoxy Coatings on Steel Pipelines. <i>Molecules</i> 2017, <i>22</i>, 905.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Correction: Chen et al. Chemical Composition of <i>Litsea pungens</i> Essential Oil and Its Potential Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities. <i>Molecules</i> 2023, <i>28</i>, 6835.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Correction: Ruan et al. Comparison of Extraction, Isolation, Purification, Structural Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity of Polysaccharides from Two Species of <i>Cistanche</i>. <i>Molecules</i> 2025, <i>30</i>, 4754.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Correction: Li et al. Gastrodin Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction in Vascular Dementia Rats by Suppressing Ferroptosis via the Regulation of the Nrf2/Keap1-GPx4 Signaling Pathway. <i>Molecules</i> 2022, <i>27</i>, 6311.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Correction: Zueva et al. Steady-State Kinetics of Enzyme-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Echothiophate, a P-S Bonded Organophosphorus as Monitored by Spectrofluorimetry. <i>Molecules</i> 2020, <i>25</i>, 1371.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

1,4-Diazatriphenylene and Its Hetero-Fused Analogs: Synthesis and Applications.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2025

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization
15:22

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization

Published on: April 3, 2014

17.0K

Phosphorylated Nitrones-Synthesis and Applications.

Iwona Rozpara1, José Marco-Contelles2, Dorota G Piotrowska1

  • 1Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phosphorylated nitrones offer potent therapeutic applications for reducing oxidative stress and serve as effective spin-trapping agents. Their enhanced stability and observed antioxidant and neuroprotective activities highlight their promise in drug development.

Keywords:
biological activitynitronesphosphonatesspin-trapping agentssynthesis

More Related Videos

Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides
13:19

Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides

Published on: June 2, 2022

3.2K
Nitropeptide Profiling and Identification Illustrated by Angiotensin II
07:31

Nitropeptide Profiling and Identification Illustrated by Angiotensin II

Published on: June 16, 2019

5.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2025

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization
15:22

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization

Published on: April 3, 2014

17.0K
Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides
13:19

Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides

Published on: June 2, 2022

3.2K
Nitropeptide Profiling and Identification Illustrated by Angiotensin II
07:31

Nitropeptide Profiling and Identification Illustrated by Angiotensin II

Published on: June 16, 2019

5.6K

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Nitrones are crucial compounds with applications in medicine and research.
  • Phosphorylated nitrones represent a specialized class with unique properties.
  • Oxidative stress is implicated in various diseases, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review synthetic methodologies for preparing non-cyclic and cyclic phosphorylated nitrones.
  • To explore structural modifications and applications of these compounds.
  • To evaluate the potential of phosphorylated nitrones as therapeutic agents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of synthetic routes for phosphorylated nitrones.
  • Analysis of structural modifications, including the incorporation of diethoxyphosphoryl groups.
  • Examination of applications as spin-trapping agents and in therapeutic contexts.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of phosphorylated analogs like PPN and DEPMPO.
  • Phosphorylated nitrones form more stable spin adducts compared to non-phosphorus counterparts.
  • Demonstrated antioxidant and neuroprotective activities of phosphorylated nitrones.

Conclusions:

  • Phosphorylated nitrones are versatile compounds with significant therapeutic potential.
  • Their improved stability and biological activities position them as promising drug candidates.
  • Further research into phosphorylated nitrones could lead to new treatments for oxidative stress-related conditions.