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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
76
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
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Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care01:29

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

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The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:
51
Gallbladder01:17

Gallbladder

268
The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ that plays a crucial role in our digestive system. Measuring about 10 cm in length, it is comparable in size to a kiwi fruit and is located in a hollow area on the lower surface of the liver. The gallbladder's primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that aids in digestion.
The gallbladder's anatomy consists of three regions: the fundus, body, and neck. Extending from the neck, the cystic duct joins...
268

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Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Gallbladder Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Beth Shin Rei Lau1, Nevin Yi Meng Chua1, Wee Teck Ong1

  • 1Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|March 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNSs) are rare in gallbladder cancer (GBC) and typically appear in advanced stages. While managing PNS can improve quality of life, it offers minimal benefit for early GBC diagnosis.

Keywords:
Sweet’s syndromeacanthosis nigricansdermatomyositisexfoliative dermatitisgallbladder cancerhypercalcaemiahyponatremialeukocytosisparaneoplastic syndromepolymyositis

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor survival rates, often due to late diagnosis.
  • Nonspecific clinical presentations of GBC hinder early detection.
  • Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNSs), cancer-associated symptoms, may indicate early malignancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and collate case studies on the association between PNS and GBC.
  • To understand the manifestations, management, and clinical outcomes of PNS in GBC patients.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane).
  • 49 articles were identified through database searches, with 2 additional articles found via citation tracking.
  • Data extracted included patient demographics, PNS type, timing of diagnosis, presenting complaints, investigations, and treatment effectiveness.

Main Results:

  • PNS in GBC presented with hematological, dermatological, neurological, and metabolic manifestations.
  • Common PNS included leukocytosis, inflammatory myositis, acanthosis nigricans, hypercalcemia, and hyponatremia.
  • The majority of PNS were diagnosed in advanced stages of GBC.

Conclusions:

  • PNS management in GBC can improve patient quality of life but has a limited role in early diagnosis.
  • Oncologic outcomes for GBC remain poor, even with PNS management.
  • Recognition and treatment of PNS are crucial for holistic GBC patient care.