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Concordance of Helicobacter pylori Detection Methods in Symptomatic Children and Adolescents

Camila Cabrera1, Yanira Campusano1, Joaquín Torres1

  • 1Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile.

Microorganisms
|March 27, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Histology with Giemsa staining and ureA RT-PCR offer the highest detection rate for Helicobacter pylori infection. This combination provides the strongest diagnostic agreement, improving accuracy in identifying this common bacterial infection.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Diagnostic Medicine

Background:

  • Helicobacter pylori is the most common chronic bacterial infection worldwide, linked to gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer.
  • Accurate diagnosis is challenging due to culture difficulties, often requiring multiple biopsy-based methods.
  • Histology with Giemsa staining is a common, cost-effective clinical standard for H. pylori detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic concordance of various methods against histology with Giemsa staining.
  • To identify the most accurate non-culture diagnostic method for H. pylori.

Main Methods:

  • Compared histology with Giemsa staining to rapid urease test (RUT), ureA RT-PCR, 16S sequencing, and serum IgG.
  • Calculated positive percent agreement (PPA), negative percent agreement (NPA), and concordance kappa index.

Main Results:

  • 120 patients were analyzed; 41 tested positive by Giemsa staining.
  • UreA RT-PCR demonstrated superior performance (PPA=94.7%, NPA=98.6%, kappa=0.939).
  • RUT (PPA=65.9%) and serology (PPA=53.7%) showed lower agreement.

Conclusions:

  • Combining histology with Giemsa staining and ureA RT-PCR yields the highest detection rate.
  • This combination offers the strongest diagnostic agreement for H. pylori.
Abstract

Keywords:
Helicobacter pyloriRT-PCRadolescentschildrengastric microbiomehistologyrapid urease testserology

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