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Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

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The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Updated: May 20, 2025

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity
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Evaluation of Long-COVID Syndrome in a Cohort of Patients with Endometriosis or Adenomyosis.

Anjeza Xholli1, Isabella Perugi1,2, Francesca Cremonini1,2

  • 1Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|March 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Women with endometriosis or adenomyosis have a significantly higher risk of developing long-COVID symptoms. This study highlights a potential link between these chronic gynecological conditions and persistent post-COVID-19 illness.

Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2 infectionadenomyosisendometriosislong-COVID syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Long-COVID, persistent symptoms beyond 12 weeks post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, may stem from immune dysregulation.
  • Immune dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic gynecological conditions like endometriosis and adenomyosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if endometriosis or adenomyosis increases the risk of long-COVID.
  • To evaluate the association between chronic gynecological conditions and persistent COVID-19 symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study at a university hospital outpatient service.
  • Diagnosis of endometriosis/adenomyosis based on clinical symptoms and ultrasonography.
  • Data collection on SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination, symptoms, and persistence >12 weeks.

Main Results:

  • 247 women included: 98 cases (endometriosis/adenomyosis) and 149 controls.
  • Higher prevalence of dyspnea and chest pain in COVID-19 patients with endometriosis/adenomyosis.
  • Long-COVID prevalence was significantly higher in cases (42%) versus controls (12%), with chest pain and ageusia as key symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Women with endometriosis or adenomyosis experience more frequent long-COVID symptoms.
  • The study suggests a link between chronic gynecological conditions and increased susceptibility to persistent post-COVID-19 symptoms.