Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Rabies Virus Lineages in South Africa

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Virology
• Epidemiology
• Wildlife Ecology

Background:

• Rabies virus (RABV) is a fatal zoonotic disease affecting the central nervous system.
• In South Africa, RABV is sustained by domestic dogs and four wildlife carnivore species.
• The complex host interactions pose challenges for rabies control and elimination.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze RABV case data and genetic sequences to understand transmission dynamics in South Africa.
• To identify key factors influencing rabies spread among wildlife and domestic animals.
• To inform strategic planning for rabies control and elimination programs.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of 12,879 laboratory-confirmed animal rabies cases with geospatial data.
• Phylogenetic analysis of 1374 RABV G-L intergenic and glycoprotein sequences using ML and Bayesian inference.
• Investigation of RABV lineage distribution and transmission pathways.

Main Results:

• Detailed insights into RABV transmission dynamics involving multiple wildlife species and domestic dogs.
• Improved understanding of RABV lineage distribution across South Africa.
• Identification of critical areas for targeted rabies control interventions.

Conclusions:

• Understanding RABV ecology and transmission is vital for effective control.
• Genetic and geospatial analyses highlight the interconnectedness of RABV lineages.
• Strategic interventions are needed to limit cross-border and inter-species RABV spread, optimizing resource allocation.