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Oropouche Virus: Isolation and Ultrastructural Characterization from a Human Case Sample from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,

Ana Luisa Teixeira de Almeida1, Igor Pinto Silva da Costa1, Maycon Douglas do Nascimento Garcia1

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Oropouche virus (OROV) infection causes cell damage and death in Vero cells. This study reveals ultrastructural changes and viral replication mechanisms, aiding understanding of Oropouche fever pathogenesis.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Arbovirology

Background:

  • Oropouche virus (OROV) is a segmented negative-sense RNA arbovirus causing epidemics in Central and South America.
  • OROV outbreaks occur in rural and urban settings, involving complex transmission cycles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize an OROV isolate from a human sample in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • To investigate the ultrastructural and morphological aspects of OROV's replicative cycle in Vero cells.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of OROV in Vero cell monolayers.
  • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for ultrastructural analysis.
  • RT-qPCR to quantify viral progeny.

Main Results:

  • OROV inoculation induced significant cytopathic effects (CPEs), including cell morphology changes, vacuolization, and cell death.
  • TEM revealed apoptosis, organelle remodeling, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial stress.
  • Formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles and vesicles indicated roles for trafficking and intercellular communication in OROV infection.
  • RT-qPCR confirmed high viral progeny titers, validating the experimental model.

Conclusions:

  • OROV infection leads to substantial cellular damage and death in Vero cells.
  • Ultrastructural alterations and vesicle formation are key features of OROV replication and pathogenesis.
  • This study enhances understanding of OROV cytopathogenicity and its impact on host cell morphology.