Biosecurity Risk Factors and Predictive Index for Hepatitis E Virus Serological Status in Belgian Pig Farms:...

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Virology
• Zoonotic Diseases
• Food Safety

Background:

• Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes hepatitis E in humans, with genotypes 3 and 4 leading to chronic infections in industrialized nations.
• Pigs are a major reservoir for HEV, posing a risk for human infection through consumption of contaminated pork products.
• Understanding HEV epidemiology in swine is crucial for public health and preventing zoonotic transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate HEV dissemination within the Belgian pig population.
• To identify farm-level risk factors associated with HEV serological status.
• To develop a risk profile for Belgian pig farms and predict HEV prevalence.

Main Methods:

• Linking farm-level HEV serological data with biosecurity questionnaire responses.
• Statistical analysis to identify significant risk factors for within-herd HEV prevalence.
• Risk profiling and prediction modeling for Belgian pig farms, considering wild boar populations.

Main Results:

• Farrow-to-finish herd type, free-range farming systems, and inadequate boot hygiene were significantly associated with higher HEV prevalence.
• Risk profiling identified key factors influencing HEV circulation within pig farms.
• Proximity to wild boar populations did not appear to be a major source of HEV in free-ranging pig herds.

Conclusions:

• Specific farming practices and biosecurity measures significantly impact HEV prevalence in Belgian pig farms.
• Targeted interventions focusing on identified risk factors can help control HEV spread in swine.
• Reducing HEV circulation in pigs is essential for mitigating human infection risks.