Dominant Role of Distinct Microenvironments on Cartilage Regeneration Fate Using PLGA-Hydrogel Composite Scaffolds

Bohui Li ¹, Tian An ¹, Daiying Song ¹

⁰Plastic Surgery Institute, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, P. R. China.

Advanced Healthcare Materials +

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March 27, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

The microenvironment significantly impacts cartilage tissue engineering. Bioactive scaffolds in the ear promote cartilage, while subcutaneous sites cause loss, and cranial sites lead to bone regeneration for defect repair.

Area Of Science

Biomaterials Science
Regenerative Medicine
Tissue Engineering

Background

Bioactive composite scaffolds are crucial for cartilage tissue engineering.
The influence of distinct microenvironments on cartilage regeneration remains unclear.
Understanding microenvironmental effects is key for optimizing cartilage repair strategies.

Purpose Of The Study

To investigate the role of different microenvironments on cartilage regeneration and long-term outcomes.
To develop and utilize a universal composite scaffold for exploring microenvironmental influences.
To compare cartilage regeneration in situ (auricle), ex situ (subcutaneous), and osteogenic (cranial) sites.

Main Methods

Development of a universal composite scaffold using 3D-printed poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and cartilage-specific hydrogels.
Systematic exploration of the microenvironment's role in cartilage regeneration fate.
Evaluation of regenerative cartilage in distinct anatomical locations.

Main Results

The in situ auricular microenvironment promotes cartilage maturation and chondrogenic phenotype maintenance.
Ex situ subcutaneous sites result in chondrogenic phenotype loss due to immune responses and vascularization.
Osteogenic cranial sites facilitate initial cartilage regeneration, followed by bone replacement, successfully repairing cranial defects.

Conclusions

Microenvironment dictates the fate and long-term outcomes of engineered cartilage.
In situ auricular environment is optimal for maintaining chondrogenic phenotype.
Findings provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing cartilage regeneration strategies.

Keywords:

3D‐bioprinting cartilage regeneration hydrogels microenvironment tissue engineering