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High-resolution Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods for Human Midbrain
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Real-time fMRI using multi-band echo-volumar imaging with millimeter spatial resolution and sub-second temporal

Stefan Posse1,2, Sudhir Ramanna3, Steen Moeller3

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|March 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces multi-band echo-volumar imaging (MB-EVI) for faster fMRI scans. MB-EVI achieves high spatial-temporal resolution and BOLD sensitivity, enabling real-time brain activity mapping.

Keywords:
NORDIC denoisingcompressed sensingecho-volumar imagingfunctional MRImulti-band encodingresting-state connectivitysimultaneous multi slab encodingtask-based activation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

Background:

  • Echo-volumar imaging (EVI) offers advantages in sampling efficiency and multi-echo acquisition for fMRI.
  • Accelerating EVI is crucial for achieving high spatial-temporal resolution in task-based and resting-state fMRI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize undersampled echo-volumar imaging (EVI) using multi-band/simultaneous multi-slab encoding and multi-shot slab-segmentation.
  • To evaluate the feasibility of compressed sensing (CS) and NORDIC denoising for further acceleration and improved sensitivity in fMRI.

Main Methods:

  • Developed multi-band echo-volumar imaging (MB-EVI) with CAIPI shifting, GRAPPA acceleration, kZ-segmentation, and partial Fourier acquisitions.
  • Performed task-based and resting-state fMRI at 3T across various voxel sizes (1-3mm), repetition times (118-650ms), and slab numbers (up to 12).
  • Compared MB-EVI with multi-slab EVI (MS-EVI) and multi-band EPI (MB-EPI).

Main Results:

  • MB-EVI demonstrated comparable image quality and temporal SNR to MS-EVI at 2-3mm resolution.
  • Achieved high sensitivity for mapping task-based activation and resting-state connectivity, enabling high-frequency connectivity mapping (>0.3 Hz) at 3mm isotropic resolution (TR: 163ms).
  • Task-based activation detection at 1mm isotropic resolution was feasible in under 1.5 minutes; CS showed minimal impact on image quality, and NORDIC denoising significantly enhanced sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Combining MS-EVI with multi-band encoding allows high acceleration factors, optimizing spatial-temporal resolution and coverage.
  • The hybrid MB-EVI approach offers high BOLD sensitivity and online reconstruction compatibility for real-time, high spatial-temporal resolution fMRI.