Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

5.5K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
5.5K
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

1.7K
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
1.7K
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

5.9K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
5.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Retinal and Choroidal Metrics Are Dynamic Markers of the Maternal Vascular Response to Pregnancy.

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)·2026
Same author

Acoustic and mechanical characterisation of a 3D-printable transparent vessel-mimicking material for pre-clinical imaging: comparison with ex-vivo vessels and established clinically-relevant materials.

Ultrasonics·2026
Same author

Central and Peripheral Alterations of Retinal and Choroidal Vasculature in Multiple Sclerosis: Insights from Multimodal Imaging.

Ophthalmology science·2026
Same author

Fundus Stretch Index: A Centile-Based Retinal Measure of Myopia.

Ophthalmology science·2026
Same author

Systemic and Local Adiposity in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment Associated With Improved Prognosis in Hodgkin Lymphoma: Imaging and Molecular Analysis.

International journal of cancer·2026
Same author

Myocardial Fibrosis and Early Intervention in Asymptomatic Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis: Insights From the EVOLVED Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA cardiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2025

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
09:17

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Published on: November 6, 2017

21.4K

Sectoral Changes in Neuroretinal Rim Pallor Across Refractive Error.

Fabian Yii1,2, Samuel Gibbon1,2, Tom MacGillivray1,2

  • 1Robert O Curle Ophthalmology Suite, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Ophthalmology Science
|March 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Lowering spherical equivalent refraction (SER) increases neuroretinal rim (NRR) pallor, especially in temporal sectors. This is mainly due to changes in disc-fovea distance and arterial/venous concavity, indicating susceptibility to myopic stretching.

Keywords:
MyopiaNeuroretinal rim pallorOptic disc pallorPapillomacular bundleRefractive error

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration
10:14

Author Spotlight: Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Published on: May 26, 2023

3.0K
Multifocal Electroretinograms
16:49

Multifocal Electroretinograms

Published on: December 4, 2011

18.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2025

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
09:17

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Published on: November 6, 2017

21.4K
Author Spotlight: Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration
10:14

Author Spotlight: Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Published on: May 26, 2023

3.0K
Multifocal Electroretinograms
16:49

Multifocal Electroretinograms

Published on: December 4, 2011

18.2K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Spherical equivalent refraction (SER) is a key refractive error.
  • Neuroretinal rim (NRR) pallor is an indicator of optic nerve damage.
  • Understanding the relationship between SER and NRR pallor is crucial for diagnosing and managing eye conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and pallor in different neuroretinal rim (NRR) sectors.
  • To determine if anatomical factors like disc-fovea distance and arterial/venous concavity mediate this association.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based cross-sectional study of 24,057 healthy participants aged 40-70 from the UK Biobank.
  • Quantitative derivation of NRR pallor from color fundus photographs using automated software.
  • Statistical analysis to examine the association between SER and NRR pallor, controlling for covariates and incorporating disc-fovea distance and temporal arterial/venous concavity.

Main Results:

  • NRR pallor exhibited an asymmetrical U-shaped pattern, with least pallor observed nasally.
  • Decreasing SER was associated with increasing NRR pallor in all sectors (P < 0.001).
  • The temporal and temporal inferior sectors showed the steepest increase in pallor with decreasing SER, approximately 4 times faster than nasal sectors. Disc-fovea distance and temporal arterial/venous concavity accounted for ≥50% of the effect of SER on NRR pallor.

Conclusions:

  • Decreasing SER significantly increases NRR pallor, with a marked temporal-to-nasal gradient.
  • Disc-fovea distance and temporal arterial/venous concavity are key mediators of the relationship between SER and NRR pallor.
  • These findings suggest the papillomacular nerve fiber bundle, associated with the temporal NRR, is most vulnerable to myopic stretching.