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Caffeine and Beetroot Juice Optimize 1,000-m Performance: Shapley Additive Explanations Analysis.

Xiao Liu¹, Lei Huo², Feng Wang¹

¹Department of Physical Education, Tarim University, Alar, China.

American Journal of Men'S Health

|March 27, 2025

Summary

Caffeine and beetroot juice supplementation significantly improved 1,000-m run performance in university students. SHAP analysis identified key factors influencing performance, offering insights for personalized training and recovery strategies.

Keywords:

1,000-m performance SHAP analysis beetroot juice caffeine performance determinants recovery

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Area of Science:

Exercise Physiology
Sports Nutrition
Performance Analytics

Background:

The 1,000-m run is a critical component of university physical fitness assessments.
Effective supplementation strategies to enhance performance and recovery in this test are underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effects of caffeine (CAF) and beetroot juice (BJ) on 1,000-m running performance.
To identify key influencing factors on performance using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis.

Main Methods:

Randomized crossover design comparing caffeine (6 mg/kg), beetroot juice (70 mL, 6.4 mmol nitrate), and placebo (PLA).
Collected physiological, nutritional, and behavioral data.
Applied SHAP analysis to a multilayer perceptron model to quantify performance determinant importance.

Main Results:

The caffeine + beetroot juice group showed significantly improved performance compared to placebo in the first run and outperformed placebo and beetroot juice in the second run.
Performance declined post-recovery in beetroot juice and placebo groups but improved in the caffeine + beetroot juice group.
SHAP analysis ranked body fat percentage, weight, and age as the most influential factors on performance.

Conclusions:

Caffeine and beetroot juice supplementation may enhance 1,000-m running performance and recovery.
SHAP analysis provides a novel framework for identifying key performance determinants, enabling targeted interventions.
Personalized supplementation strategies considering physiological and lifestyle factors are crucial for optimizing performance.