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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

484
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
484
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

413
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
413
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

375
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
375

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Automated glaucoma diagnosis: Optimized hybrid classification model with improved U-net segmentation.

Krishnamoorthy Varadharajalu1, Logeswari Shanmugam2

  • 1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, India.

Network (Bristol, England)
|March 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an automated glaucoma diagnosis model using advanced image processing and hybrid AI. The novel approach achieves high accuracy in detecting glaucoma, aiding early intervention and preventing blindness.

Keywords:
Automated glaucoma diagnosisCLAHEimproved PHOGimproved U-Net segmentation

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Glaucoma is a primary cause of irreversible blindness globally.
  • Early detection is crucial for effective glaucoma management.
  • Current diagnostic methods face limitations in precise structure segmentation and disease staging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an optimized hybrid classification model for automated glaucoma diagnosis.
  • To address challenges in segmenting small ocular structures and classifying glaucoma stages.
  • To enhance the accuracy and efficiency of glaucoma detection systems.

Main Methods:

  • Preprocessing using Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE).
  • Improved U-Net segmentation with a novel cross-entropy loss function.
  • Extraction of diverse features: fractal, cup-to-disc, ISNT rule-based, and improved Pyramid Histogram of Orient Gradient (PHOG).
  • Hybrid classification using Improved Convolutional Neural Network (ICNN) and optimized Recurrent Neural Network (RNN).
  • Optimization of RNN weights via Opposition-based Learning-enabled Namib Beetle Optimization (OBL-NBO).

Main Results:

  • The proposed OBL-NBO optimized model achieved high diagnostic accuracy.
  • Accuracy rates of 0.927 on dataset 1 and 0.945 on dataset 2 were recorded with 80% training data.
  • The hybrid ICNN and optimized RNN model demonstrated robust performance in classifying glaucoma.

Conclusions:

  • The developed automated system offers a promising approach for accurate glaucoma diagnosis.
  • The integration of advanced AI techniques and feature extraction methods improves diagnostic capabilities.
  • This research contributes to the development of effective tools for early glaucoma detection and management, potentially reducing blindness rates.