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Vernal keratoconjunctivitis in human immunodeficiency positives: A case series.
Shweta Agarwal1, Bhaskar Srinivasan1, Geetha Iyer1
1CJ Shah Cornea Services/Dr G Sitalakshmi Memorial Clinic for Ocular Surface Disorders, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
|March 27, 2025
Summary
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) often worsens with decreasing CD4 counts in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Aggressive HIV management is crucial to prevent severe VKC complications.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a bilateral, itching, seasonal eye inflammation.
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can impact various organ systems, including the eyes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the clinical profile of VKC in HIV patients.
- To evaluate VKC treatment response in HIV patients.
- To determine the relationship between VKC and CD4+ T-cell counts in HIV patients.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective observational case series.
- Analysis of 13 patients diagnosed with both HIV and VKC.
Main Results:
- 69.2% of patients presented with severe-grade VKC.
- A CD4+ count drop occurred in 70% of patients at VKC onset.
- Adults showed a shorter duration between HIV diagnosis and VKC onset compared to children.
Conclusions:
- A correlation exists between VKC worsening and decreased CD4+ counts in HIV patients.
- Effective HIV management is essential for preventing VKC-related ocular complications.
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