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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
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Introspection, long upheld as a reliable route to self-knowledge, involves examining one's thoughts, emotions, and mental processes. It underpins many psychological practices, from mindfulness meditation to psychotherapy and self-help strategies. However, empirical evidence challenges the accuracy of introspection as a means of understanding oneself.Limitations of Introspective InsightSeminal work by Nisbett and Wilson demonstrated that individuals are frequently unaware of the true causes...
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Toward a Psychoanalytic Approach to Suicidality.

Robert Spiro1

  • 14800 N. Federal Highway, Suite E-102, Boca Raton, FL 33431.

Psychoanalytic Review
|March 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Suicide rates are rising, necessitating new treatment approaches. This article explores psychoanalytic theory, focusing on D. W. Winnicott

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Psychology
  • Psychoanalytic Theory
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Alarming rise in suicide rates in the United States, with 2022 data showing it as the second leading cause of death for ages 20-34.
  • Provisional data indicates 2023 recorded the highest number of suicide deaths ever.
  • Urgent need for enhanced strategies to support individuals experiencing suicidal ideation and behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the application of psychoanalytic theory, specifically D. W. Winnicott's concepts, in treating patients with suicidal ideation and behavior.
  • To emphasize the role of countertransference as a crucial element in risk assessment, intervention, and treatment planning.
  • To examine the implementation and effectiveness of safety measures from a psychoanalytic viewpoint.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
D. W. Winnicottcountertransferencepsychoanalytic theorysafety measuressuicidal behaviorsuicidesymptom formation

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  • Theoretical exploration of D. W. Winnicott's psychoanalytic concepts, including True/False Self.
  • Focus on countertransference as a guiding principle for clinical practice.
  • Discussion of safety measure implementation within a psychoanalytic framework.

Main Results:

  • Psychoanalytic theory, particularly Winnicott's, offers a framework for understanding symptom formation in suicidal patients.
  • Countertransference serves as a vital tool for guiding clinical decisions in managing suicidal risk.
  • The True/False Self concept provides insight into the psychological underpinnings of suicidal behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Psychoanalytic approaches, informed by Winnicott's work and countertransference, can enhance the treatment of suicidal patients.
  • Understanding the True/False Self is essential for developing effective interventions.
  • Further research into psychoanalytically-informed safety measures is warranted.