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How might interoceptive accuracy training work?

Jennifer Murphy¹, Geoffrey Bird²

¹Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, United Kingdom.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

|March 27, 2025

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Interoceptive training may not improve cardiac interoceptive accuracy. Many training improvements reflect other factors, not better perception of internal body signals. Recommendations are provided to accurately measure interoceptive accuracy.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychology
Physiology

Background:

Growing interest in interoceptive training to enhance perception of internal bodily signals.
Need to understand mechanisms underlying improvements in interoceptive accuracy.
Cardiac interoceptive accuracy is a key area of focus.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline potential mechanisms by which interoceptive training improves performance on interoceptive accuracy tests.
To critically evaluate whether observed improvements reflect genuine changes in interoceptive perception.
To propose methods for accurately assessing interoceptive accuracy post-training.

Main Methods:

Utilized cardiac interoceptive accuracy training as a case study.
Analyzed various theoretical mechanisms linking training to performance changes.

Keywords:

Biofeedback Cardiac Interoception Cardiac interoceptive accuracy Interoception Interoceptive training

Related Experiment Videos

Distinguished between true interoceptive accuracy and confounding factors.

Main Results:

Identified several mechanisms where training gains may not reflect enhanced interoceptive perception.
Demonstrated that improvements on certain tasks may be influenced by factors other than signal perception.
Highlighted the potential for overestimation of interoceptive accuracy improvements.

Conclusions:

Evidence of improved performance on interoceptive accuracy tests does not always indicate enhanced perception of bodily signals.
Recommendations are necessary to mitigate confounding factors and accurately measure interoceptive accuracy.
Further research should focus on refining methods to assess genuine interoceptive perception changes after training.