[Management of complicated cervical and cervicothoracic deformities: pearls and pitfalls]

The etiology of cervical and cervicothoracic deformities is complex, often resulting in spinal cord compression and neurological dysfunction, seriously affecting patients' quality of life and life expectancy. This article focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and clinical research of complex cervical and cervicothoracic deformities. In terms of surgical treatment, decisions are individualized based on the patient's condition, with techniques such as anterior-posterior combined approach, crossing the cervicothoracic junction for fusion and fixation, and three-column osteotomy being used when necessary. Additionally, robot-assisted surgery and intraoperative navigation technologies are gradually being implemented. The enhanced recovery after surgery concept aids in optimizing postoperative rehabilitation and reducing the incidence of complications. In the future, artificial intelligence and innovative internal fixation devices are expected to further drive the personalization and precision of treatment. Overall, despite significant progress in the clinical management of cervical and cervicothoracic deformities, challenges remain in optimizing postoperative rehabilitation, reducing complications, and improving long-term quality of life in this field.