[Progress in diagnosis and treatment of cervical spine surgical diseases]

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the diagnosis, surgical techniques, and prevention and treatment of complications in cervical spine surgery. Artificial intelligence technology has remarkably enhanced the ability to accurately diagnose cervical spine diseases, aiding in predicting surgical outcomes, identifying high-risk patients, and optimizing surgical planning. Virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality technologies have demonstrated great potential in surgical simulation, training, and intraoperative navigation, improving the precision and safety of surgeries. The application of robotic-assisted surgical systems and 3-dimentional printing technology has further promoted the precise and personalized treatment in cervical spine surgery, especially showing significant advantages in complex surgeries. Minimally invasive surgical techniques are constantly being optimized, and new surgical procedures are emerging continuously. In terms of preventing complications, artificial intelligence technology can predict complications, the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery optimizes the perioperative management, and research on the frailty index has also made progress. In the future, cervical spine surgery will continue to develop towards precision, minimal invasiveness, and intelligence, and the interdisciplinary integration will drive its continuous advancement.