Artificial Intelligence in Bacterial Infections Control: A Scoping Review

Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence has made significant strides in healthcare, contributing to diagnosing, treating, monitoring, preventing, and testing various diseases. Despite its broad adoption, clinical consensus on AI's role in infection control remains uncertain. This scoping review aims to understand the characteristics of AI applications in bacterial infection control. Results: This review examines the characteristics of AI applications in bacterial infection control, analyzing 54 eligible studies across 5 thematic scopes. The search from 3 databases yielded a total of 1165 articles, only 54 articles met the eligibility criteria and were extracted and analyzed. Five thematic scopes were synthesized from the extracted data; countries, aim, type of AI, advantages, and limitations of AI applications in bacterial infection prevention and control. The majority of articles were reported from high-income countries, mainly by the USA. The most common aims are pathogen identification and infection risk assessment. The most common AI used in infection control is machine learning. The commonest reported advantage is predictive modeling and risk assessment, and the commonest disadvantage is generalizability of the models. Methods: This scoping review was developed according to Arksey and O'Malley frameworks. A comprehensive search across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted using broad search terms, with no restrictions. Publications focusing on AI in infection control and prevention were included. Citations were managed via EndNote, with initial title and abstract screening by two authors. Data underwent comprehensive narrative mapping and categorization, followed by the construction of thematic scopes. Conclusions: Artificial intelligence applications in infection control need to be strengthened for low-income countries. More efforts should be dedicated to investing in models that have proven their effectiveness in infection control, to maximize their utilization and tackle challenges.