Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin
07:38

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin

Published on: May 6, 2018

Nephrotoxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Single and Combination Therapy-A Systematic and Critical Review

Javier Tascón1,2,3,4, Alfredo G Casanova1,2,3,4, Laura Vicente-Vicente1,2,3,4

  • 1Toxicology Unit, Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain.

Biomedicines
|March 28, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are revolutionizing cancer treatment but can cause kidney damage. This review found that combined ICI therapies do not increase kidney injury risk compared to anti-CTLA-4, suggesting underdiagnosis of interstitial nephritis.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nephrology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a significant advancement in cancer therapy.
  • However, ICIs are associated with immune-related adverse events, including renal toxicity, which can impact patient prognosis.
  • Understanding the incidence of ICI-induced nephrotoxicity is crucial for patient safety and treatment management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the current incidence of nephrotoxicity in patients receiving single and combination ICI therapies.
  • To compare the renal risks associated with different ICI treatment regimens.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted, identifying 1283 potential articles.
  • Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in a final selection of 50 relevant studies.
  • Data synthesis focused on the incidence of acute kidney injury and specific types of renal damage.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of acute kidney injury associated with ICIs has increased over the past decade.
  • Combined ICI therapies did not demonstrate a higher risk of kidney damage compared to anti-CTLA-4 monotherapy.
  • Interstitial nephritis may be underdiagnosed due to the reliance on renal biopsy for definitive diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians should be aware of the increasing incidence of ICI-related nephrotoxicity.
  • Combined ICI therapies appear safe regarding kidney damage risk compared to certain monotherapies.
  • There is a need for more sensitive and specific diagnostic tools for ICI-induced kidney damage to reduce reliance on invasive biopsies.
Keywords:
acute kidney injurycancerimmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)nephrotoxicitysystematic reviewtubulointerstitial nephritis

More Related Videos

TBase - an Integrated Electronic Health Record and Research Database for Kidney Transplant Recipients09:00

TBase - an Integrated Electronic Health Record and Research Database for Kidney Transplant Recipients

Published on: April 13, 2021

Identification of the Source of Secreted Proteins in the Kidney by Brefeldin A Injection10:15

Identification of the Source of Secreted Proteins in the Kidney by Brefeldin A Injection

Published on: November 10, 2021

Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management01:16

Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management

Postoperative Nursing Management for Kidney Transplant PatientsPostoperative nursing management care includes monitoring the surgical site, encouraging early movement, and promoting lung health through breathing exercises. Nurses also administer prescribed medications like H2-blockers, such as famotidine, or proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, to help prevent gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Fungal infections in the mouth and bladder can result from immunosuppressive and antibiotic...
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...