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Related Concept Videos

Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively manages...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are typically...
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a significant...
Acute Coronary Syndrome IV: Interprofessional Care01:28

Acute Coronary Syndrome IV: Interprofessional Care

IntroductionThe management of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) aims to minimize myocardial damage, preserve myocardial function, and prevent complications.Initial ManagementInpatient management involves continuous cardiac monitoring, preferably in an ICU, focusing on blood pressure, serum sodium, potassium, and creatinine levels, and urine output. Ongoing pharmacologic management is crucial for stabilizing the patient.Supplemental Oxygen: Administer supplemental oxygen if oxygen saturation is...

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Intramyocardial Transplantation of MSC-Loading Injectable Hydrogels after Myocardial Infarction in a Murine Model
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Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors After Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Nicia I Profili1, Roberto Castelli1, Roberto Manetti1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.

Biomedicines
|March 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) show cardiovascular benefits beyond diabetes management. Post-myocardial infarction treatment with SGLT2i may improve outcomes by reducing inflammation and ventricular remodeling.

Keywords:
SGLT2iacute heart failureacute myocardial infarctioncardiovascular diseasediabetessodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are primarily used for type 2 diabetes.
  • SGLT2i demonstrate cardiovascular benefits, including in chronic heart failure.
  • Emerging evidence suggests SGLT2i may benefit patients post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review studies on SGLT2i use after AMI in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
  • To explore the potential cardioprotective mechanisms of SGLT2i in the context of AMI.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating SGLT2i in post-AMI patients treated with PCI.
  • Analysis of reported effects on inflammation, arrhythmias, and ventricular remodeling.

Main Results:

  • SGLT2i may offer protective effects beyond glycemic control in AMI patients.
  • Potential benefits include modulation of inflammatory responses and ventricular remodeling.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm efficacy and optimal use.

Conclusions:

  • SGLT2i represent a promising therapeutic strategy for patients following AMI and PCI.
  • Their pleiotropic effects may mitigate adverse cardiovascular events and improve long-term outcomes.